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Solutions for Cats to Clean Teeth

Solutions for Cats to Clean Teeth

It's not only humans who must worry about dental care -- cats can also suffer serious illnesses and conditions when their teeth deteriorate. As a responsible pet owner, it is your job to make sure that your cat's teeth and gums are well-looked-after. Not many cats enjoy having the inside of their mouths touched, so providing good dental care is easier said than done. However, feasible options do exist when it comes to protecting your feline's chompers.

Start Small

    If you have a kitten, the time to get them used to dental care is now. If you acclimate them to the process when they're young, you'll have a much easier time protecting your cats' teeth when they're older. Start by putting a finger into the kitten's mouth when you're playing or petting it. Next, put some cat toothpaste on your finger, and insert it into the cat's mouth. Finally, try brushing a few teeth at a time until you can clean the cat's entire mouth without its struggling.

The Right Tools

    Human toothbrushes and toothpastes are inappropriate for cats -- even a child's toothbrush is too big, and the toothpaste is not formulated for felines. Pet stores and veterinarians carry special toothbrushes and toothpaste designed for cats. If a hard, long-handled toothbrush is not to their liking, toothbrushes also come in soft plastic caps that fit over your finger. These have bristles on the end so that you can clean your cat's teeth with ease. If one flavor of toothpaste (such as tuna) is not to your cat's liking, try a different flavor to make toothbrushing more bearable for it.

Enlist Help

    If your cat is especially difficult to handle when it comes to dental care, get a friend or family member to help you provide it. One of you can wrap the cat in a towel (to prevent scratching and struggling), while the other person cleans the teeth. It may help calm the cat if it sees this person on a regular basis -- otherwise, it will begin to associate her only with unpleasant teeth cleanings, which will make the process more difficult.

Talk to Professionals

    If your cat will not tolerate having its teeth cleaned at all, consult a veterinarian, who may be able to perform a cleaning while the animal is under general anesthesia. If your cat has no other medical complications, such a cleaning would ideally be provided every year.

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Cat from Molyvos {Lesbos}

Stray kitten
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The Best Flea Treatment For Cats

The Best Flea Treatment For Cats

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Insulin Pens for Cats

Insulin Pens for Cats

Pet owners who have cats with diabetes know how challenging it can be to give those daily insulin injections. Even the most patient kitty can become uncooperative when the procedure is unpleasant. Insulin pens may be the solution.

    Reduce kitty wrangling.
    Reduce kitty wrangling.

Pen vs. Syringe

    When using a syringe, the insulin dosage will need to be pulled into the syringe from the insulin bottle. With an insulin pen, you need to attach the needle, dial the correct dosage of insulin and then just press the plunger. Pens will usually cost more.

Types of Pens

    There are two basic types of pens: disposable and reusable.

Easier Injections

    Insulin pens may be easier to handle and may reduce the stress of the pet owner. If you are calm, confident and quick when giving the injection, it will be a more pleasant experience for your cat.

Accurate Insulin

    Dialing the dosage on an insulin pen can be more accurate than drawing the insulin into a syringe.

Consult Your Veterinarian

    It is important to always use the syringes or pens specified by your veterinarian. Using any other can be dangerous and potentially fatal to your cat.

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Effects of Potassium Deficiency in Cats

Effects of Potassium Deficiency in Cats

Potassium deficiency in cats can have serious repercussions, from illness to fatality. Because of this, it's important for cat owners to recognize the symptoms of potassium deficiency. The goal is to get it treated before the deficiency goes too far and becomes dangerous. Symptoms are the same for kittens and adult cats.

Loss of Appetite

    One of the earliest signs of a potassium deficiency in your cat may be a loss of appetite. Cats with low potassium levels may eat less than they used to or they may stop eating altogether. Potassium-deficient cats may also have trouble keeping down what food they do eat. If you want to determine if this is the case for your cat, put out a dish of its favorite food and see if she turns her nose up at it.

Weakness

    Cats that have a prolonged potassium deficiency will often weaken. Your cat may not be as active as he once was, may walk slower and may have trouble with physical activity he previously handled well, like jumping from high surfaces or walking up stairs.

Nervous Disorder

    Cats with potassium deficiency may come down with a nervous disorder that you will be able to distinguish by nervous, skittish behavior. Especially if your cat is usually laid back and easygoing, pay attention to sudden changes in behavior. If your cat jumps at noises or shies away from strangers, this could indicate a potassium deficiency.

Cardiac Arrest

    Prolonged potassium deficiency can lead to sudden cardiac arrest in cats. This means the cat's heart stops, creating an immediate danger that demands fast action. Seek out a veterinarian if your cat goes into cardiac arrest. If your cat has prolonged potassium deficiency, you need to have emergency contact information for your vet on hand.

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Cat Health: Stomach Cancer

Cat Health: Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer in cats is fatal if diagnosed in the later stages. Unfortunately, it is hard to diagnose in time, because symptoms do not show until the later stages. Pet owners can be comforted and reassured by the fact that feline stomach cancer is very rare and the least common of all cat cancers.

Types

    Several types of stomach cancers are found in cats. According to vetinfo.com, even the most common ones are rare. The more common types found in cats are mast cell tumors, adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. Mast cells are found in the feline digestive tract. If these cells grow uncontrollably for some reason, they can develop into tumors. Adenocarcinoma are gastric tumors caused by a cancer in the glands that spreads to the stomach. When adenocarcinoma spreads to the lymph nodes, it causes lymphoma. Lymphoma can also be caused when a cancerous tumor originates in the lymph nodes, according to vetinfo.com.

Symptoms

    Symptoms progress very slowly and are usually noticeable only in the later stages, according to cat-health-guide.org. Symptoms include loss of appetite, weight gain, frequent vomiting, vomiting blood, black or tarry feces, dehydration, anemia, lethargy, abdominal pain and lumps in the stomach region. If you notice any of these symptoms in your cat, take him to the vet immediately.

Diagnosis

    Vets will perform several different types of diagnostic tests. Vetinfo.com states that these tests include X-rays, ultrasounds, and feeling and examining the stomach. The vet might also do a gastroscopy, running an endoscope down the cat's throat and into the stomach to look for tumors. For this process, the cat is sedated.

Treatment

    Because of nearby organs, radiation and chemotherapy are too risky. The treatment for feline stomach cancer is surgery to remove the tumors. Cat-health-guide.org states that cats undergoing stomach cancer surgery will be hospitalized at the veterinary office for 24 hours after the surgery.

Prognosis

    Even with surgery, the prognosis for cats with stomach cancer is not good. The average life span for a cat after being diagnosed with stomach cancer is from 12 to 14 months

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Botox for Feline Rolling Back Disease

Botox for Feline Rolling Back Disease

Rolling back disease, also known as feline hyperesthesia syndrome (FHS), is a mysterious ailment in which a cat suffers from spasms, usually originating at the spine near the base of the tail. Hypersthesia means increased sensitivity. It causes an acute sense of nerve pain and discomfort, hypersensitivity to temperature and sound, itchiness and general discomfort.

Features

    Feline hyperesthesia syndrome can cause excessive grooming.
    Feline hyperesthesia syndrome can cause excessive grooming.

    Cats suffering from FHS might display a rippling of the skin on the back, twitching of the tail and ears, hyperactivity including running, spinning, vocalizing, excessive grooming and biting at the tail. Many appear to hallucinate.

Causes

    Treatment for rolling back disease in cats could include stress relief and vitamins.
    Treatment for rolling back disease in cats could include stress relief and vitamins.

    While there is no known cause for FHS, its symptoms can be triggered by petting, stress, changes, boredom, introduction of a new pet and pain.

Botox

    Botulinum (Botox) is a toxin that paralyzes muscles. Injecting Botox into a cat's back may ease symptoms of twitching. However, this may not be the safest option. Researchers at the University of Calgary in Canada found that when cats are injected with Botox, the toxin easily spreads into neighboring muscles, weakening the entire area.

Stress

    Rolling back disease can be caused by stress and create further anxiety. Therefore, the first line of treatment should be stress reduction by the use of daily play time. Feline stress relievers like Feliway are also commercially available. Acupuncture decreases pain and improves circulation.

Vitamins

    Vitamin supplements should be considered. Vitamin D is essential for proper muscle and nerve growth and function. A deficiency can cause muscle pain and weakness. The best source of vitamin D for cats is fish oils.

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Flea & Tick Prevention in Cats

Flea and tick prevention for cats is an ongoing battle for cat owners. Even if you keep your cat inside, there are still preventative measures you need to take. Keeping up with treatment measures also helps prevent flea and tick infestation.

Monthly Treatment

    Monthly topical treatments are a good long-term method to prevent fleas and ticks. Popular brands in this category are Frontline, Hartz, and Advantage, which are all administered in liquid form.

Indoors

    Cleaning the home is a must when you have cats. Fleas and ticks lay eggs in dark corners where the larvae hatch and go looking for a host.

Environment

    Keep your cat out of tall grass and leaf piles by keeping brush and weeds under control around the perimeter of the house and in other areas the cat may frequent..

Climate Conditions

    In colder areas, flea and tick treatments need to be started just before the end of cold weather and continued until just after warm weather stops. In warmer climates, year-round treatment is required.

Warnings

    Treatments for dogs cannot be used on cats. Not all flea and tick medications can be combined or used with other treatments, so it is best to use only one treatment at a time.

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Common Cat Ailments for Vomiting

Common Cat Ailments for Vomiting

The reason your cat is vomiting can be varied. If vomiting occurs infrequently, it may be nothing to worry about; however, if it occurs more frequently, there may be cause for concern. Whatever the reason your cat is vomiting, it is important to ensure your cat does not become dehydrated. Knowing the reasons your cat may be vomiting can help you determine if a trip to the vet is warranted.

Hairballs

    Regardless if you have a short-hair or long-hair cat, he can develop hairballs. Cats bathe themselves by licking. Each time his tongue passes over his coat, your cat is picking up hairs. Those hairs end up in his digestive tract, which can result in vomiting. You will know the vomiting is because of hairballs because you will see small to large clumps of hair in the vomit. Regular brushing can help prevent hairballs. This will help remove excess hair, which means he will swallow less.

Worms

    Worms are parasites that can live your cat's digestive tract. It is not uncommon for worms to make your cat vomit. You may even notice small worms in her vomit. Your vet can test your cat for worms. Not only can worms make your cat vomit, they can lower her immune system and cause her too loose too much weight.

Toxins

    Cats can be known to eat some hazardous materials. Many plants, such as poinsettias, are toxic to cats. He may also find his way into toxic chemicals such as anti-freeze or cleaning supplies. Another common problem is when cats eat foreign objects, such as a penny, a string or a button. Any of these foreign objects or toxins can cause your cat to vomit.

Eating Too Fast

    Some cats develop a habit of eating their food rapidly. This can lead to bloating and stomach upset, which then in turn results in vomiting. Many cat owners leave food down for their cats to enjoy throughout the day, allowing the cat to eat as much as she wants. If your cat is vomiting as a result of eating too quickly, feeding smaller more frequent meals will limit how much food is taken in at one time.

Food Quality

    Another frequent eating problem is the type of food. Some foods may be too rich for your cat or there may be a particular ingredient she is allergic too. Higher quality food or food without dyes may result in less vomiting.

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About Acetaminophen & Cats

Acetaminophen is a common ingredient in over-the-counter pain medicines and many prescription pain medicines. While generally safe for humans at the recommended dosage, acetaminophen is extremely toxic to cats and can result in death. Acetaminophen poisoning in cats normally occurs after accidental ingestion, or after a well-meaning pet owner, not realizing how toxic the drug is for cats, doses a cat with a pain medicine containing acetaminophen.

The Facts

    In humans, most of the acetaminophen dosage consumed is broken down into nontoxic components by enzymes in the liver and then eliminated as waste. A smaller portion of acetaminophen is broken down into a more harmful substance that can cause liver damage in cases of overdose (or when combined with alcohol).
    Unlike human livers, however, a cat's liver is unable to break down most of any ingested acetaminophen into safer components; instead, toxic substances form that cause serious damage to the liver and blood cells, as well as other cells of the body.

Misconceptions

    There is a widespread and dangerous misconception that acetaminophen can be safely given to cats as long as it is given in a very small dose. There is no safe acetaminophen dose for cats; even very small amounts can cause illness and, in some cats, death. A report for the ASPCA by Jill Richardson DVM confirmed that signs of toxicity have occurred in doses as small as 10 mg per kg.

Time Frame

    Acetaminophen poisoning can occur rapidly, within hours following ingestion. Death may occur within hours or days. The time that elapses between ingestion and symptoms of poisoning depends on the amount of acetaminophen ingested and the size and general health of the cat.
    There are treatments for this poisoning but treatments are most effective if started as soon after acetaminophen ingestion as possible. The sooner a cat receives veterinary care, the better her chance of survival.

Identification

    Acetaminophen is called paracetemol in most countries outside the United States. The most well-known, over-the-counter, medicine brand containing acetaminophen (in the United States) is Tylenol.
    Acetaminophen, as a main ingredient, is usually found in tablet form. Some cold/flu remedies also contain acetaminophen.

Effects

    Cats with acetaminophen toxicity are often lethargic. As the cat becomes more dangerously ill, she may drool, pant and her heart may beat very fast. The cat may vomit and swelling of her face and limbs may occur. Unusual gum color is also common---the gums may be very pale, or they may be unusually dark. If left untreated, acetaminophen poisoning causes coma and death.

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How Do I Stop a Cat From Non-Stop Yowling?

How Do I Stop a Cat From Non-Stop Yowling?

A yowling cat can be a major annoyance and distraction. If your cat won't stop yowling, chances are that you've checked that it has its basic necessities such as water, food and a clean litter box. There are other things that may cause a cat to yowl incessantly, such as mating season or simply wanting affection. There are a few things you can do to try to prevent yowling from your cat and bring peace and quiet back to your home.

Instructions

    1

    Spend more time with your cat. It may be yowling because it is seeking attention. Some cats enjoy interacting with their owners more than playing on their own.

    2

    Spay or neuter your cat. If the yowling is due to mating season, your cat will calm down a bit if you get it fixed.

    3

    Provide entertainment for your cat. Sometimes cats yowl because they are bored and have nothing better to do. If you're leaving your home or don't have time to interact with your cat, make sure it has a nice supply of toys.

    4

    Take your cat to the vet. Yowling can be a sign that your cat is in pain. It could be sick or even pregnant.

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Fistulas in Cats After Surgery

Fistulas in Cats After Surgery

Just like humans, cats face the risk of complications when undergoing surgery. One risk is that damage accidentally caused during surgery may result in the cat developing a fistula afterward.

Fistula

    A fistula is an abnormal connection between one of a cat's organs and another structure in the body. A cat can develop a fistula in one of its airways after surgery, according to "Feline Internal Medicine Secrets."

Symptoms

    The fistula acts as a one-way valve, pushing hair into the cat's chest cavity around the lungs every time it inhales. This causes the cat's lungs to become compressed, resulting in difficulty breathing and lethargy.

Causes

    If anesthetic equipment malfunctions while a cat is undergoing surgery, it can cause an imbalance of air pressure within a cat's airways. This can cause a fistula to develop within the airway.

Treatment

    To treat a fistula, a veterinarian must remove the excess air from the cat's chest cavity. Then the fistula can be surgically closed.

Considerations

    If the lung compression caused by the fistula is not treated, the cat will not receive enough oxygen and will die.

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Maggot Like Parasites Living in the Skin of Cats

Maggot Like Parasites Living in the Skin of Cats

The larva, or maggot, of a botfly is a parasite that lives in the skin of animals. Outdoor cats are at high risk for contracting a parasite. Diagnosis and treatment of this parasite varies depending on the location of the maggot on the animal's body.

Cause

    The botfly lays its eggs on blades of glass. Newly hatched larva will wait on the grass until an animal brushes up against it and then will burrow into the animal's skin.

Symptoms

    The maggot can burrow into virtually any area of the body, including the organs, according to PetMD. The most common symptom of the maggot is a lump on the skin, called a warble. Symptoms indicating a maggot is in an organ are related to problems with that organ. A veterinarian will run tests to rule out other health issues when these symptoms are present.

Treatment

    A veterinarian can remove a maggot that is visible on the skin as a warble. Steroids may be administered to treat a maggot that is in a warble. According to PetMD, if the maggot has caused severe damage to the brain or other vital organ the cat may have to be euthanized to minimize suffering,

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How to Kill Fleas With Dawn & Vinegar

There are many ways to kills fleas. At-home remedies that are cheap and effective can be a lifesaver. Most of these remedies---such as ones involving Dawn dish detergent and vinegar---do not call for any pesticides or chemicals being used on your pet. This will eliminate the worry of harsh chemicals harming your pets or---even worse---your family.

Instructions

    1

    Put a teaspoon of vinegar in your pet's water bowl to help prevent fleas. Some pets do not like the taste, so you may need to adjust the quantity of vinegar. You can use all-purpose vinegar or apple cider vinegar. If you have adjusted the amount and the pet still will not drink, then you can buy vinegar in capsule form. Fleas will be repelled by the smell radiating from your pet's skin. The remedy also acts as a natural deodorizer and boosts an animal's immune system.

    2

    Bathe your animals using Dawn dish soap of any scent. Fill the tub with warm water and pour in to 1 cup of Dawn. Soak the animal in the soap and water for at least five minutes. Use the Dawn to lather and clean your animal, starting at the ears and working your way to the tail. After your animal is dry, use an inexpensive flea comb to groom it. Drown any fleas on the comb by placing it in a bowl with soapy water available.

    Add to 1 cup vinegar to the bath solution. The smell will wear off after awhile, but you can add scented oil to the bathwater to cover it up. Add vinegar to the bowl of soapy water, dip a flea comb in it, and comb your pet.

    3

    To see how bad the flea problem is, fill a shallow bowl with soapy water and vinegar and put it next to a light. Leave it out overnight, then check to see if there are any fleas that have drowned in the water.

    4

    Fleas live not only on your pets, but on your furniture as well. If you have furniture that can be cleaned, use a solution of Dawn dish soap and water to wipe off the upholstery. Use Dawn to clean all of your flooring. Put a drop or two in a steam cleaner to clean your carpet. Do not add more, as it will create too many suds. This will help to rid the carpets of flea debris.

    5

    Fill a spray bottle with a couple of tablespoons of vinegar and water. Use this on your pet between baths. This can also be misted on furniture, pillows, curtains and bedding. Adding different oils will make it a natural deodorizer.

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Cat from Chora {Mykonos}

Cat from Chora, Mykonos

Traveling cat spotted in Chora, Mykonos. Like many other Greek islands, Mykonos is known for its stray cats roaming the white alleys.
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How to Use Herbal Tinctures for Cats

How to Use Herbal Tinctures for Cats

Herbal tinctures are natural liquid extracts made from fresh or dried medicinal plant parts and a liquid base. The liquid base is most commonly a 100 or more proof grain alcohol such as vodka or brandy, but may also be vegetable glycerin or apple cider vinegar, according to Herbal Remedies Info. After soaking for 6 to 8 weeks, the liquids are strained and used for medicinal purposes. Use these remedies for cats to treat certain medical conditions.

Instructions

    1

    Purchase or make an herbal tincture for your cat, preferably one made with glycerin. Reduce the alcohol content of the herbal tincture if the base contains grain alcohol, as alcohol is not safe for cats to ingest and may irritate skin if applied topically. Do this by removing the top of the bottle of tincture, placing the bottle in a double boiler, boiling for 10 to 15 minutes and replacing the liquid that evaporates with boiling water. After cooling, the tincture will contain 50 percent less alcohol and is safe to use with cats, according to Well Vet. Since the tincture is no longer preserved, keep it in the refrigerator and use a different dropper to dispense the medicine to your cat to avoid contamination of the tincture.

    2

    Administer the tincture orally to your cat to treat certain medical conditions. Liquid tinctures are given in the cheek pouch of the cat, between the cheek and gums inside the mouth. Place your cat on a chair, wrap it in a towel and hold it in place to give the liquid medicine. Fill a dropper with the desired amount of tincture, then hold your cat's mouth open with the index finger of one hand, while putting the dropper into the cheek pouch of the cat and emptying the dropper into the cat's mouth. You can also rub the tinctures on your cat's teeth and gums with your finger.

    3

    Give your cat the tincture in water or food instead of directly by mouth if they are too difficult to handle. Mix the desired dose, usually 2 to 3 drops, with a small amount of soft, canned cat food, cream cheese or tuna juice. Watch your cat eat the food to ensure all of it is consumed. You can add flower essences like Bach Rescue Remedy to water for your cat to consume throughout the day or rub it behind his ears and on paw pads to be absorbed through skin or licked off by your cat. These essences calm cats during stressful situations.

    4

    Mix a few drops of herbal tinctures with beeswax or calendula cream to apply to skin rashes or small cuts. The tinctures sooth the cuts and the cream is safe for cats if licked. Herbal tinctures made from chamomile, violets, dandelion, horsetail and spirulina all help calm itchy, irritated skin on cats, according to Vetinfo. Apply tinctures made of eucalyptus, citronella, yarrow or sage to eliminate fleas. Goldenseal has antibacterial properties and can be used for certain skin infections. In addition to direct skin application with a cream base, add 3 to 5 drops of tinctures to the bath water of a cat to soothe skin conditions.

    5

    Use the tinctures on a short-term basis with cats to avoid side effects. Long-term use can also lead to the formation of an immunity to the tincture. According to Waltz's Ark, The Herbal Encyclopedia, use tinctures for two weeks, then take one week off from use. Herbs that take a while to build up in the body to be effective are an exception to this rule. Administer several doses throughout the day, rather than one big dose, to boost the immune system much faster.

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How Long for a Mother Cat's Milk Supply to Dry Up?

How Long for a Mother Cat's Milk Supply to Dry Up?

Kittens grow up so fast. Now that they're weaning and eating solid food, it's only a matter of weeks before their mother stops producing milk. This is an important time for the mama cat -- keep an eye on her to make sure she's healthy.

Nursing and Weaning

    Although they're 100 percent reliant on mother's milk at birth, kittens start eating solid food when they're 3 or 4 weeks old. Some kittens stop nursing immediately, but most switch gradually. Some kittens may try suckling at their mother's teats now and again until they're 7 or 8 weeks old. By the end of their eighth week of life, most kittens will have made the lifelong switch to solid food. The end of lactation is usually a process, not a full stop. During these later weeks, you may notice changes in the mother cat as nursing wanes and lactation begins to wind down.

Mother Cat

    As a pregnant cat gets ready to deliver her kittens, her appetite usually increases. That's because she needs more calories and nutrients to produce life-sustaining milk for her offspring. These requirements dwindle as kittens begin weaning, especially during their seventh and eighth weeks of life. After that, mother cats begin eating less, start becoming aggressive toward kittens that continue to try to nurse on them, and stop producing milk. After about two weeks of this, most cat's breasts run dry. That means a healthy mother cat's milk supply usually doesn't dry up until her kittens are 10 weeks old. The longer kittens actively nurse, though, the further back this timetable is pushed.

Variations

    It's not unusual for nursing, weaning and lactation cycles to vary a week or so in either direction. If a cat's milk production stops suddenly before her kittens are 9 weeks old or continues after they're on solid food at 11 weeks, the mama cat may have a medical issue. Call a vet, especially in the case of the former, as the mother cat's kittens are still dependent on her for nourishment. It's not unusual for kittens to occasionally try and feed on their mother toward the tail end of the weaning process, even after the mother has stopped lactating. The mama cat may become aggressive and hiss or even bat her offspring. Don't worry: That's normal. But if that happens soon after the kittens are born, a medical issue may be at hand. Call a vet.

Abnormalities

    Abnormal cat lactation can indicate a number of medical issues, which is why it's important to contact a vet as soon as possible. Feline mothers milk can be watery, particularly as lactation ebbs and flows, but should always be whiteish. Yellowish, brownish and even bloody milk can indicate mastitis or mammary gland infection. Firm, non-painful bumps on her chest or abdomen may indicate mammary gland hyperplasia, a benign tissue growth, or even cancer. Early cessation of milk production may mean blocked glands or could be a complication related to any number of illnesses. Continued lactation may mean another pregnancy or even a psuedopregnancy. Diagnostic methods and treatment options differ for mother cats who are still nursing, as their health and milk supply also affect their kittens.

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How to Stop Dry Skin on a Diabetic Cat

Diabetes in cats results in elevated blood glucose levels, which can be dangerous if not controlled with proper treatment. Diabetic cats have distinct nutritional and medical needs that cannot be altered if the cat is to remain healthy. However, dry skin can become uncomfortable, and treatment may become a priority if it occurs. In these cases, it is important to choose treatments for the skin that will not interfere with the control of diabetes and the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Instructions

    1

    Feed your cat a high-quality diet that is complete and balanced. For cats with diabetes mellitus, a high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet is recommended and will aid in controlling blood glucose levels. This diet will also help resolve dry skin. Choose from a variety of of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets that are commercially available, or formulate a home-cooked diet with the help of a veterinary nutrition expert.

    2

    Supplement the cat's diet daily with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids if the diet is not already fortified with them. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are available over the counter from veterinary offices, pet stores and online pet pharmacies.

    3

    Brush your cat frequently. This will help remove dead hair and help redistribute oils throughout the hair coat. Brushing is especially important for cats that are overweight and unable to groom themselves properly as a result.

    4

    Bathe your cat with a soothing, nondrying shampoo containing aloe vera, oatmeal or coconut oil. Use a skin and coat conditioner containing chamomile, wheat germ, lanolin oil, oatmeal and/or vitamin E. Appropriate shampoos and conditioners are widely available from pet stores and online pet pharmacies.

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Cats & Congestive Heart Failure

Cats & Congestive Heart Failure

In cats, congestive heart failure occurs when the heart becomes unable to pump enough blood throughout the body. Although there is no cure for the condition, treatments are available to help with the effects of the disease.

Cause

    Causes of congestive heart failure in cats include birth defects, heartworms, degeneration of the valves that separate chambers of the heart, irregular heart beat (arrhythmia), disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) and disease of the lining around the heart, reports PetPlace.com.

Symptoms

    Congestive heart failure causes a number of symptoms in cats, including coughing, shortness of breath, weight loss, fatigue and abdominal swelling.

Diagnosis

    Veterinarians use physical examination, blood pressure levels and x-rays to diagnose congestive heart failure in cats. Additional tests may be used to measure the electrical activity of the heart (an electrocardiogram) or to take pictures of the heart muscles (echocardiogram), reports PetPlace.com.

Treatment

    Veterinarians typically prescribe medications like ace inhibitors, diuretics or digoxins to prevent water retention and help decrease the burden of a cat's heart, according to Mar Vista Animal Medical Center. Limiting sodium in-take may also prevent fluid retention and help manage the disease.

Considerations

    Sometimes, pet owners cannot afford the cost of the medications needed to control the symptoms of congestive heart failure for the rest of their cats' lives. Veterinarians may recommend euthanasia in such cases.

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Can You Transfuse Dog Blood into a Cat?

Every now and then, a cat develops anemia that is so severe that a transfusion is required to save its life. Cats have distinct blood types, so it is important to make sure that a severely anemic cat receives the proper blood type. Blood types in cats are classified similar to those in people. There’s type A, type B, and type AB. There is no type O, however. Most cats are type A. Purebred cats have an increased probability of being type B. Type AB is exceedingly rare.

Cats have, pre-formed in their bloodstream, antibodies against the opposite blood type. So, cats with blood type A have antibodies against type B. Cats with blood type B have antibodies against blood type A. If you transfuse a type-A cat with a unit of type B blood, a transfusion reaction will occur and the cat will become sick. The antibodies against the type B blood will attack the transfused red blood cells, shortening their lifespan. It becomes worse if you give a type-B cat a unit of type A blood. Cats that are blood type B have lots of antibodies against type A blood. The transfusion reaction is immediate and severe, and sometimes fatal.

So, what would happen if you were to give a cat a unit of dog blood?


 If giving blood from the same species, but different type, can cause a severe transfusion reaction, you would think that giving blood from an entirely different species would be instantly fatal. Surprisingly, this is not the case. A recent article in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery reviewed the number of cases of canine to feline “xenotransfusion” (transfusion of blood from another species).

The first study of dog-to-cat blood transfusion was reported way back in 1962. The study described 22 cases. In all cases, a cross-match was performed before the transfusion. A cross-match is a test that is performed before the transfusion, to see if the donor’s blood is compatible with the recipient. Plasma from the cat (recipient) is mixed with red blood cells from the dog (donor). If the dog red blood cells agglutinate (clump), it suggests that there are antibodies in the recipient’s plasma against the red cells of the donor. In all 22 cases, there were no signs of blood incompatibility before the transfusion was given. The cats were then given canine blood intravenously. No cat developed any transfusion reactions during the transfusion or in the following day. Cross-match tests were again performed after the transfusion. This time, the dog blood agglutinated when mixed with the cat’s plasma, starting on day four after the transfusion. This suggests that the cat produced antibodies against the dog blood. These antibodies were detectable by day four. Twenty of the cats received a second blood transfusion. Four of them received dog blood within 4 days of the initial transfusion. These cats did fine. Sixteen cats were given a second unit of canine blood between 6 and 100 days after the first transfusion. All 16 developed some type of transfusion reaction, with 10 cats dying, 9 of them within minutes-to-hours of the second transfusion.

A second study the following year (1963) described seven cats that were transfused with dog blood. No adverse reactions were noted. The average lifespan of the transfused dog red blood cells was about 3.6 days (vs. a 30 day lifespan of feline red blood cells given to another cat of the same blood type.)

A third report, in 1968, described the experimental transfusion of canine blood into four cats. All four cats did well. Blood compatibility tests were basically fine before the transfusion, but showed incompatibility 6 to 7 days after the initial transfusion. A few cats in the study received a second transfusion within 4 days of the initial transfusion and did fine. One cat received dog blood for a second time seven days after the first transfusion and died a few hours later. The same report also described the transfusion of canine blood into 20 cats that were suffering from severe anemia. In 18 cases, the sick cats that needed the transfusion showed rapid improvement, with only mild transfusion reactions occurring in two cases. Fifteen cats survived their initial hospitalization and transfusion. Five died during the transfusion or in the following days, but this was due to their underlying disease, not their transfusion.

A fourth study in 1969 described 8 cats receiving dog blood. Pre-transfusion blood compatibility tests were performed, and no incompatibility was detected. The transfusions proceeded without incident. Compatibility tests performed between the cat’s plasma and the donor dog’s red blood cells showed incompatibility starting on the 6th day after the transfusion. Cats who received additional dog blood within 6 days of the transfusion had no adverse effects. All cats transfused with dog blood 7 days or more after the first transfusion (they didn’t say how many cats this was) died very quickly.

The reports described above were all decades ago. As we learned more about transfusion medicine, the crazy practice of xenotransfusion was discontinued. However, an interesting case report was published in 2004. A cat of blood type B was admitted to a referral center with severe anemia. A donor cat with blood type B was not available. Oxyglobin, a synthetic hemoglobin that can be given in cases of severe anemia, was also not available. Rather than let the cat die from anemia, the cat was transfused with blood from a Labrador retriever as a last resort. Cross-matching was performed, no incompatibility was detected, and the cat was given a test dose of 1 ml. of blood to see what happens. No adverse reaction occurred, so a total of 130 ml. of canine blood was given, in small doses, over a 48 hour period. The cat’s condition improved considerably and it became stable enough to undergo general anesthesia so that additional diagnostic tests could be performed. Unfortunately, this led to a diagnosis of leukemia, and the cat was euthanized.

Based on the cases described above, it is apparent that cats do not have naturally occurring antibodies against canine red blood cells. In an emergency situation where there is no compatible feline blood, or there is no hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier solution like Oxyglobin available, a single transfusion with canine blood can be given to cats with no expected severe acute transfusion reaction. Between 4 and 7 days after the initial transfusion, antibodies against the canine red blood cells are produced. If a second transfusion is performed seven days or more after the first one, the transfused red blood cells will be rapidly destroyed and the cat will undergo a severe transfusion reaction that may result in death. The red blood cells given in the initial transfusion don’t last very long; on average, about 4 days. This is in contrast to giving a cat compatible feline blood; those blood cells have a lifespan of 30 days. Clearly, giving dog blood to a cat is not recommended as a routine procedure, but it may allow short-term stabilization to allow additional diagnostic procedures, or to buy time while attempting to procure compatible feline blood. If this is done, it should be done only ONCE. Any additional transfusion with canine blood later than 4 to 6 days after the first transfusion is expected to cause a severe transfusion reaction that, in many cases, is fatal.


See also: Blood Transfusions






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Cat Mites & Treatment

Cat Mites & Treatment

Mites in cats create a condition called mange, which is when the skin becomes irritated, bleeding and the hair falls out. Mites like to live in areas where the hair and skin are the thinnest, such as in the ears, genitals and under the stomach. They are usually at their worst in the fall, after the larvae have hatched. Mites are treated with topical ointments.

Description

    Ear mites are microscopic, while Cheyletiella mites can be seen with the naked eye. All mite larvae, however, are visible because they swell to three times their size as they feed. They are orange in color and leave wet sores where they feed. If your cat has dark fur, you may see mites on the fur after you brush her.

Ear mites

    Ear mites are the most common type of mites seen in cats. They are irritating to cats and cause great itching in the ears. The biggest sign of ear mites, besides the cat trying to scratch its ears, is dark colored, very thick and sticky ear wax. A veterinarian must examine the ears to make sure the cat has ear mites, as they are microscopic. Ear mites usually are killed with ear drops after the ears have been professionally cleaned, often by the vet. Ear mites can be passed among animals in the household, so all animals should be checked and treated, if necessary, together.

Burrowing mites

    A fairly rare form of mite is the burrowing mite. This mite usually attacks the head of the cat, focusing on the area at the base of the ears. Hair loss and bleeding around the ears and on the forehead is a common sign of burrowing mites. They are extremely itchy. The mites are treated with a parasitic pesticide that is applied directly to the skin. Because blood poisoning can occur in serious cases, sometimes antibiotics are given to the cat.

Cheyletiella mites

    Cheyletiella mites are another rare type of mite. They also burrow under the skin, creating tiny scales on top of the skin; usually on the torso. This condition is sometimes called "walking dandruff" because the cat's skin may appear to have scales that are moving. Usually, these mites are treated with antibiotics because of the danger of a secondary infection, and also with a topical spray or oil. Frequent brushing and bathing are necessary to remove dead mites and the scales.

Treat your home

    Mites can transfer to humans, so if your cat is suffering from any type of mites, it is important to treat your home as well as your cat. Wash any linens or pillows that the cat has been sleeping on, including your bed. If the cat gets up on furniture, steam clean the furniture. In addition, clean your carpets with a cleaner formulated to get rid of fleas and mites.

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Common Ailments of Manx Cats

Common Ailments of Manx Cats

Manx cats are sweet-natured and very people-oriented animals and are often bred to only have the remnants of tail vertebrae or a very much shortened tail. While this does not usually cause problems in terms of agility and mobility, defective Manx cat genes often result in spinal and internal problems, directly due to the absence of tail vertebrae, that are not always noticeable until a Manx cat is a few months old. The presence of the abnormal gene is known in animal science as the Manx Syndrome.

Spina Bifida

    In his 2010 paper "The Cat in Biomedical Research," Michael Rand describes a protein present in amniotic fluid that results in spinal or brain malformations in humans and in Manx cats. The most common defect is spina bifida, in which the vertebrae do not close or are incomplete. Sometimes the defect is covered by skin that develops normally, but in many cases the genetic failure to fuse is present in the skin, leading to an open defect.

Fused Spine

    In their 2004 study "Disorders of the Lumbosacral Plexus," Marc Raff et al. describe the occasional presence of fused vertebrae in Manx cats. Known as sacralization, or fusing, as is seen in the normal development and structure of the human sacrum, the last one or two lumbar vertebrae fuse to the feline sacrum and can lead to difficulties in mobility or hip dislocation. Manx cats will often display pain, abnormal posture and occasionally an absence of nerve function leading to accidental trauma that can go unnoticed by the cat.

Defects in Internal Organs

    Manx Syndrome is also often accompanied by defects in the internal organs and related neural structures including the brain. Conditions such as meningocele and hydrocephaly are likely. Defects in the development of internal organs can negatively affect the excretory systems such as the bladder and intestines, either because of tissue defects or neural damage, while internal organ tissue will sometimes mutate and fuse with other developing cells such as cartilage or bone.

Tail Docking

    Some Manx cats have very rudimentary tails, and responsible breeders take great care in mating Manx cats to reduce the occurrence of Manx Syndrome. If Manx cats are born with a tail longer than one or two tail vertebrae, research has found that after a few years, ossification of the tail bones causes great discomfort. Amputation of the tail causes far more discomfort in the adult cat than if the tail is docked within a few days of birth.

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Feline Hair Loss & Skin Sores

Feline Hair Loss & Skin Sores

Cats, just like humans, can suffer from a variety of skin ailments and hair loss. These conditions are generally caused by many of the same environmental factors that affect humans, such as allergies and stress. There are also several conditions that are not caused by the environment, but are inherited and cause these symptoms.

Food Allergies

    A cat's diet may cause allergic reactions such as scratching, excessive licking and chewing. The most common irritants include dairy products, beef, chicken, cereal grains and eggs. It is difficult to tell which item is causing the reaction.

Environmental Allergies

    Coming into contact with an irritant, such as a chemical, in the environment can cause skin to develop a rash and become irritated where fur is thinnest. With continual exposure, fur loss can occur.

Atopy

    Atopy refers to allergies caused by the inhaling of pollen, mold, dust, and other small particles in the air.

Fleas, Lice, and Ringworm

    The saliva in fleas and lice bites can cause severe reactions such as itching, skin scales, crustiness, and hair loss. Ringworm is an infection of several different molds, which can cause similar symptoms.

Genetic Sources

    Cats can also inherit diseases that can cause fur loss and skin irritation. These include alopecia and seborrhea.

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Indoor Plants That Are Safe for Cats

Anyone who has had an indoor cat knows that cats are not exclusively carnivorous. They like, and in fact need, a little greenery in their diet. That can make for a dodgy situation where houseplants are concerned. Some plants are at risk from grazing cats, and some plants are poisonous to those same cats.

Why Have Greenery?

    Giving living plants or fresh cuttings to your cat for the purpose of grazing makes for a happier indoor cat. It brings a bit of the outdoors inside without the risk inherent in the outside environment where traffic and predatory birds are a danger. And you control which species of houseplant is available to your pet. Plants also clear the air. They put out oxygen and reduce airborne dust, and by clearing sinuses, can reduce headaches. They also reduce noise in a room.

Safe Plants

    Contrary to rumor, orchids and African violets are safe for cats. Poinsettias, though they will irritate a cat's mouth and cause vomiting and diarrhea, are not necessarily deadly. Of course, catnip is enjoyable and safe for cats, and having fresh catnip or cuttings is a better treat for your pet than the dried kind. Pots of a product known as "cat grass" are easily grown, as well. Pet stores carry pots and packages of seeds and soil that only need water to grow. In a few days you then have a little pot of grass for your cat to nibble on.

    A comprehensive list of non-toxic plants can be found at the ASPCA link below.

Unsafe Plants

    Toxic plants can cause reactions such as stomachache, heart problems and kidney failure. Many bulbs that are popular for indoor forcing, such as daffodils, are tasty and deadly to cats that like to dig.

    A comprehensive, though not exhaustive, list of toxic plants can be found at the University of Connecticut link below.

Protect Your Pet

    If you think your cat may have ingested something poisonous, contact your veterinarian immediately.

    In the case of allergy, any plant can cause a reaction in an individual even though it may be classified as "nontoxic." Be aware of any sensitivities your particular pet may have.

Protect Your Plants

    If you don't want your cat to chew on your houseplants, double-sided sticky tape around the plant or pot can discourage her. Cats don't like the feel of sticky tape on their paws and will avoid touching it. This product can be found at many pet stores. (It's also used, to excellent effect, to train cats to not scratch furniture or pee in certain areas.)

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Older Cat Diseases

Older Cat Diseases

When you buy a kitten, you generally never think that someday the kitten will get old. However, aging, whether it is in cats or in humans, is natural. Just like in older humans, the chances of older cats developing a geriatric disease increase. To make sure the golden years of your cat remain healthy, it is important to have an understanding of the various older cat diseases that can occur.

Arthritis

    When your cat is in its younger years, it can drive you crazy with its incessant jumping and dashing around the house. As cats progress in age, they tend to slow down considerably--part of that is due to arthritis.
    Stiffness and limping are two common symptoms of feline arthritis. Although cats rarely show they are in pain, arthritis can indeed be painful for them. Fortunately, a veterinarian can lessen their pain by prescribing various medications.
    Because arthritis causes an increased amount of inactivity in cats suffering from it, that also leads to a loss of muscle mass and tone. Arthritic cats usually do not become completely lame, but they often lose weight and urinate in areas other than their litter box. If you have an arthritic cat, be sure to put its food, water and litter box all on one level to facilitate easier access.

Dehydration

    It is important that you always keep water within easy access of the cat. As a cat gets older, it often develops a habit of not drinking enough water. This can, in turn, lead to severe dehydration, which results in a compromised immune system and poor circulation.

Hyperthyroidism

    This is a common geriatric feline disease and occurs when the thyroid gland becomes overly active. Symptoms of this disease include vomiting, an increase in energy and an increase in appetite but a loss in weight. Hyperthyroidism also sometimes occurs in conjunction with tumors and hypertension.

Kidney Failure

    Out of all the organs a cat has in its body, the first to be affected with age are the kidneys. Signs of kidney failure can include frequent urination and drinking. However, these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions such as hyperthyroidism. It is important to have the cat checked by a veterinarian.

Diabetes

    The symptoms of diabetes are similar to kidney failure in that they are often marked by an increase in the amount of water the cat drinks as well as frequent urination. A common geriatric disease amongst cats, diabetes is usually treated by a change in diet (for example, less food if the cat is overweight to begin with) or insulin shots.

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Excessive Shedding & Sneezing in a Cat

Excessive Shedding & Sneezing in a Cat

All cats shed and sneeze from time to time. When shedding and sneezing become frequent, however, it is not normal. These symptoms are signs of allergies. Cats can develop them just as humans can. However, there is more than one type. This is not a substitute for your veterinarian's advice. See your veterinarian immediately if your cat displays any symptoms of allergies or illness. He can make a definite diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Hay Fever

    Excessive sneezing and shedding can be signs of hay fever in cats. These symptoms can also be accompanied by a runny nose and red eyes, just as in humans. Obviously, if your cat has hay fever, it will be seasonal instead of chronic. A non-medical home remedy that can help is bathing your cat with colloidal oatmeal.

Other Environmental Allergies

    Your cat can also be allergic to substances in its environment. You may not even know or be able to isolate the exact cause. Potential causes of allergic reactions in your cat's environment include perfumes, cigarette smoke, cleaning products, plastic and rubber materials, fabrics and dust. Dust from litter and fragrance in scented litter are also potential causes of allergic reactions. Environmental allergies are chronic and can be treated by your vet with a shot.

How You Can Help Relieve Hay Fever

    There are a few over-the-counter products for cats with hay fever allergies. As with humans, Benadryl can help relieve the symptoms. According to the Cat Health Guide, the dosage should be 1 to 3 milligrams per pound of the cat's weight. There is also an herbal product called Sinu-Rite that has been proven to aid cat sinus conditions. Always consult your vet before giving any medication or over-the-counter product to your cat, especially if it is very young or old, has any other illnesses or is being treated for other conditions.

How You Can Help Relieve Environmental Allergies

    Do your best to remove the allergen or allergens from your cat's environment. Use dust-free and unscented litter. Bathing your cat once or twice a week can help remove allergens from the skin and coat. Consult your veterinarian on the best shampoo to use and on the practice itself. Frequent bathing can dry your cat's skin, creating a new problem. Clean or wash your cat's bedding at least once a week and vacuum twice a week. Be sure to include curtains or draperies, and anything else that gathers dust as well as carpet and rugs.

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Cat from Poitiers {France}

Cat from Poitiers France
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How to Make Safe Flea Repellant for Cats

Cats are sensitive when it comes to chemicals, pest control, even some organic materials. Below are a few tips to control, kill, or repel fleas from your pet with a few safe household remedies.

Instructions

    1

    Soak slices of lemon in hot water, then sponge the solution gently on your cat's fur. Lemon repells fleas and soothes your cat's skin, but doesn't hurt your cat's digestive tract.

    2

    Mix salt and baking soda together and sprinkle underneath your furniture to kill flea eggs. A little bit won't harm your cat, but try to keep it away from areas your cat frequents, since consuming salt will make your cat extra-thirsty.

    3

    Sprinkle Earl Grey tea leaves in places where you cat spends a lot of time. The scene of the tea leaves deters fleas -- and a little sponge bath for your cat's fur won't harm it and will leave a pleasant, flea-deterrent scent behind.

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What are Complications of Cat Neutering?

What are Complications of Cat Neutering?

Neutering your cat can be very beneficial to his health. Neutering eliminates roaming, spraying and fights in 90 percent of male cats, according to the University of California Davis Veterinary School. Neutering also helps protect your cat from incurable diseases such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and helps control the cat population. Most veterinarians recommend neutering your cat when he is around six months old. Most neutering procedures do not result in serious complications, but there is a risk of problems as with any surgical procedure.

Reaction to Anesthesia

    Negative or allergic reactions to anesthesia are rare in cats, but they do occur. Veterinarians perform neutering procedures under general anesthesia, usually administered through an IV. To minimize problems relating to anesthesia, many veterinarians perform blood work prior to surgery to screen cats for any pre-existing medical conditions that may predispose them to anesthetic complications. Tell your veterinarian if your cat shows any signs of illness prior to surgery, and follow your vet's pre-surgery instructions, including withholding food and water from your cat as instructed.

Infection

    Cats can develop an infection around the incision following surgery, especially if they lick it excessively. Most vets recommend neutered cats wear cone collars for several days to several weeks following surgery to prevent them from licking the incision site. Internal infections can also develop after surgery, though these are rare. If your cat appears ill, contact your veterinarian. Most infections are not serious and clear up quickly with antibiotics.

Behavioral Changes

    Some pet owners are concerned about personality or behavioral changes in their cats following neutering. According to the University of California, Davis, 25 percent of cat owners report that their cats are more docile after being neutered. This is most likely because they are less likely to roam, causing some cats to gain weight. Most cats do not go through major personality or behavioral changes following surgery. If you feel your cat's general activity level or other behavioral aspects change drastically after surgery, contact your veterinarian to rule out other possible health conditions.

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Directions for Frontline Flea Med for Cats

Directions for Frontline Flea Med for Cats

Frontline for Cats is a product that is used on domestic cats to kill fleas, ticks and lice. Its active ingredient is an insecticide called fipronil, which your cat's body stores in the oil glands after application. It is then distributed through the skin and hair to kill the parasites that try to make their home on the cat's body. Frontline is approved for cats 8 weeks of age and older and should be applied to your cat's skin once a month to keep your pet safe from disease-spreading pests.

Instructions

    1

    Purchase a supply of Frontline for Cats from your veterinarian or an online pet medication retailer. To purchase the medication from most online stores, you will need to have a prescription from your veterinarian. Frontline is sold in packages of 3, 6 or 12 doses.

    2

    Wait for a time when your cat is calm and happy. Attempting to apply any medication to a cat when it is already on edge will likely result in unnecessary difficulty, and you may end up being scratched or bitten.

    3

    Remove one Frontline applicator from its outer packaging by cutting one end of the package with scissors and peeling back the foil. Hold the applicator with the thinner end facing upward and snap back the tip to open it.

    4

    Sit beside your cat and stroke its fur to put it at ease. If your cat is very jumpy, you may need another person to assist you in holding the cat, so it will not try to run away. Gently separate some of the hair between the cat's shoulder blades and place the open applicator tip directly onto the skin. Squeeze the applicator until it has been entirely emptied of its contents.

    5

    Throw away the used applicator and avoid touching the area where the Frontline was applied until it is dry. If you do accidentally get some Frontline on your hands, wash them immediately.

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Home Remedy For a Cat Furball

Home Remedy For a Cat Furball

Hairballs develop when a cat swallows loose hairs during the grooming process. The hair forms a mass of fur inside of the stomach, which then comes out in the form of hairballs. There are several home remedies for dealing with this common problem.

Diet

    Making your cat undergo some dietary changes can help prevent hairballs from forming. If the cat is consuming an excess of snacks and not receiving a sufficient amount of healthy dietary fiber, it will be at much higher risk. It also is vital that cats receive enough exercise. Hairballs can be problematic because they just sit inside of the stomach. As a result, it is important to get the cat's system moving more efficiently. If they eat fewer snacks with empty calories, move their bodies more and eat a diet higher in fiber, the hairballs should become less of a problem.

Grooming

    Regular grooming of the cat also can help reduce the chances of hairballs occurring. Cats groom themselves, but it also can be extremely helpful if you brush them every few days.

Intestinal Lubrication

    Intestinal lubrication can make the passing of the hairball significantly easier for the cat. Only a tiny amount is necessary. This can assist the hairballs in moving through the digestive system. A small dollop of petroleum jelly can greatly help to lubricate the intestines. If the cat is resistant to swallowing it, however, butter can be used instead. Just half a teaspoon of melted butter should work.

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Feline Idiopathic Vestibular Disease

Feline Idiopathic Vestibular Disease

According to the Veterinary Neurological Center, the vestibular system in animals helps them maintain their sense of balance and orientation. A condition known as feline idiopathic vestibular disease, an abnormality of the vestibular system, affects a cat's ability to maintain balance.

The Vestibular System

    The vestibular system in cats is made up of sensors deep in the inner ear that communicate with the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve. This system allows a cat to maintain balance by sensing where its head and body are in relation to the ground and other objects in its surroundings.

Feline Idiopathic Vestibular Disease

    Feline idiopathic vestibular disease can refer to a number of conditions that affect the vestibular system. A cat's control and balance depend on tiny changes in the position of its body and eyes based on the sense of orientation in its head. If these senses are compromised, a cat can be in danger of injury or accident.

Symptoms of Vestibular Disease

    A cat suffering from FIVD will suddenly fall over, lose its balance, tilt its head to one side and be unable to walk upright. It might stumble sideways or walk in a circle. This causes motion sickness and nausea. It is also common for an afflicted cat's eyes to move rapidly from side to side, which makes it impossible for the cat to focus. This can lead to weakness, seizures, loss of vision and loss of appetite.

Causes of Vestibular Disease

    Any disease that affects the inner ear, vestibulocochlear nerve or the control center of the brain will cause FIVD. Tumors, inflammation, thyroid problems and strokes are thought to be the leading causes.

Treatment for Vestibular Disease

    A neurological exam is necessary to determine the causes and treat underlying conditions so the cat's balance can be restored. At times the damage is severe enough that the cat will not make a full recovery; however, there are cases in which an animal recovers on its own over time without specific treatment.

When to See a Doctor

    If your cat suddenly loses its balance, has difficulty standing or walking, stops eating and drinking or has any of the symptoms listed above, call your veterinarian. Underlying problems left untreated can seriously endanger your cat's health and prolong its discomfort and suffering.

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Salt Water Enema to Treat Worms in Cats

Salt Water Enema to Treat Worms in Cats

There are various treatments and home remedies to treat the infestations of worms in felines. The use of a salt water enema may be helpful to cure a pet of intestinal worms.

Types of Worms

    There are several different types of worms that can be found in a cat's intestinal tract. These include roundworms and hookworms, as well as tapeworms.

The Saline Enema

    Your veterinarian will most likely provide your with either a recipe or the actual enema itself. Human enema formulas cannot be used on cats and can be harmful if they are attempted on a cat.

Providing Treatment

    Many people will have an enema given to their pet at the veterinarian's office, however, this can be done at home with two individuals. One person will be needed to restrain the cat and one will need to provide the enema rectally with the use of a lubricating agent.

Effects of Treatment

    After the enema has been administered, the cat should have a bowel movement. The fecal mass should be more soft than usual and may even be watery. Dr. Pollen suggests that it is common for cats to vomit during or after an enema has been administered.

Risks

    For the obvious reasons, cats do not like the enema treatment. Enemas commonly irritate the cat's rectum. Be sure to be gentle when inserting the enema if you are doing it yourself. Never use soap enemas. The soap will agitate the rectum and anal tract. If your cat does vomit, be sure to lay it on its side and help clear the airway of the throat. Sever vomiting can be fatal for cats.

Continuing Treatment

    According to Dr. Pollen, founder of the Vancouver Animal Wellness Hospital, enemas can take up to several hours to soften the fecal mass. Even after the mass has been softened and released from the cat's body, more enemas will need to be administered to ensure the all the worms are removed from the cat's system. She suggests one per day for three days.

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What Are Some Health Problems for Domestic Cats?

What Are Some Health Problems for Domestic Cats?

It is the responsibility of a domestic cat owner to keep her as healthy as possible. A great way to start is by understanding some of the common health conditions a domestic cat faces. Some of the conditions, such as Feline Leukemia and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, may be prevented with a vaccine.

Hairballs

    Domestic cats groom themselves and swallow their own hair. Generally, the hair passes though the digestive system and is expelled in the feces. Sometimes the hair fails to pass though the body and forms a hairball in the stomach. When this happens, the stomach lining becomes irritated and the domestic cat usually vomits the hairball.

Feline Leukemia

    Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a specific virus that only affects cats. According to Peteducaiton.com, it is estimated that up to 2 percent of seemingly healthy cats have FeLV. The virus is spread by common contact, such as grooming, sharing food bowls and touching noses. The virus causes the domestic cat's immune system to become weak and unable to fight infection. Sings of FeLV include swollen lymph nodes, fever, diarrhea and lethargy.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

    The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is the domestic cat's version of the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. After a cat is diagnosed with FIV, the life expectancy is about five years. Most virus infections are transmitted by bite wounds during fighting. Signs of the virus include loss of appetite, gingivitis, weight loss and diarrhea.

Kidney Disease

    When a domestic cat suffers from kidney disease, he loses the ability to expel waste from his body. The effect is the build up of toxic chemicals in the bloodstream. Generally, kidney disease is found in older cats that suffer from high blood pressure, infection, cancer or decreased blood flow to kidneys, but younger cats may be affected also. Signs of kidney disease include weight loss, vomiting, dehydration, blood in the urine, change in urination habits and bad breath.

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Is It Normal for Cats to Vomit?

Is It Normal for Cats to Vomit?

Feline vomiting is a common problem for cats, making your cat feel sick and leaving you with a mess to clean up. This problem has a number of causes and treatments.

Causes of Vomiting

    Feline vomiting may be caused by numerous things, including food intolerance, hairballs, parasites and motion sickness. More serious causes of feline vomiting include cancer, heat stroke, pancreatitis, infection or ingestion of poison.

Treatment of Vomiting

    Consult your veterinarian regarding your cat's problem. Treatment may include dietary change, administration of medication, laboratory testing and physical examinations.

When To Be Concerned

    Occasional feline vomiting is normal and not often harmful. However, vomiting with diarrhea, abdominal bloating or containing blood is cause for alarm. Foul smelling vomit, lethargy or listlessness along with vomiting are also signs of problems.

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Signs and Symptoms of a Cat That Ingested Onion and Garlic

Signs and Symptoms of a Cat That Ingested Onion and Garlic

Although onion and garlic both may seem like totally harmless everyday kitchen staples to you, they are in no way safe for your cat -- or dog, for the matter. Not only are onions and garlic both poisonous to pets, so are all of their "relatives," from leeks to scallions.

Toxicity of Onion and Garlic

    Although onions and garlic are hazardous to cats, dogs and horses, they are especially risky to felines, warns the ASPCA. If a cat takes in enough of either of these foods, he may develop severe red blood cell detriment and a condition known as Heinz body hemolytic anemia. It may take several days for anemia symptoms to become apparent in cats, whether reddish urine or weakness. All forms of both of these kinds of alliums are threatening to felines -- even ground up, powdered onions.

Throwing Up

    If you're worried that your cat had onions or garlic in any amount, seek veterinary assistance immediately -- without even a moment of hesitation. Also be attentive to key signs of consumption. If your cat ate onions or garlic, you may notice him throwing up.

Diarrhea

    If your poor kitty is suffering from loose, watery stools and is making more trips to his litter box than normal, diarrhea may be the culprit. Diarrhea sometimes signifies onion and garlic toxicity, so don't dismiss it as a minor tummy upset.

Bloody Urine

    Quickly glance into your pet's litter box. If his urine appears to be tinged with blood, act fast. Even if the blood in the urine is unrelated to allium toxicity, it could indicate a bevy of other health ailments, including feline urological syndrome and bacterial cystitis.

Panting and Lack of Strength

    Panting is not as common in felines as it is in canines, so if your precious kitty is panting, something is up -- possibly onion or garlic poisoning. If your cat appears to be zapped of energy, weak and just tired, investigate the situation. Cats with onion or garlic toxicity sometimes even fall to the ground out of sheer frailty.

Stomachache

    Stomachaches also occasionally signify onion and garlic toxicity. If your cat's body appears to be crouched over in discomfort, don't ignore it. The poor thing is likely experiencing major tummy pain.

Other Symptoms and Signs

    Other common symptoms and signs of allium ingestion in felines are excessive salivation, rapid heart rate, irritation inside of the mouth and unusually light colored gums. Whether you notice one symptom or five of them, one thing is certain -- your cat requires veterinary attention, pronto.

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How to Get Rid of a Cat's Yeast Infection

How to Get Rid of a Cat's Yeast Infection

Cats can develop yeast infections of the ears, anal sacs, rectum and vagina, as well as on the skin of their bodies, according to Vetinfo. This infection causes your cat's skin to become red, inflamed, itchy, flaky, and smell foul, causing it discomfort. It can lead to hair loss, acne or dandruff. After taking your cat to the vet to correctly diagnose your cat's ailment as a yeast infection, you can treat your cat's infection with certain medications, shampoos or natural cures to provide relief for it.

Instructions

    1

    Wash your cat using a shampoo containing an antifungal ingredient, such as miconazole, chlorhexidine or ketoconazole. Shampoos like Nizoral, Selsun Blue or Malaseb contain anti-yeast ingredients. Bathe your cat twice per week with the shampoo, leaving it sit on their skin for at least 15 minutes before you rinse it off, according to the Mar Vista Animal Medical Center.

    2

    Wipe the yeast infected area of your cat's skin if the yeast is located only on a small portion of your cat's skin. You do not have to bathe your entire cat to treat a small area; simply wipe the area with an acetic acid wipe, or spray the area with a product such as Douxo. To treat the area naturally, you can also use a solution of equal parts water and vinegar. Place the solution on a cotton ball, and wipe your cat with it.

    3

    Clean your cat's ears with a solution of equal parts white vinegar and water if they have a yeast infection of the ear, according to Earth Clinic Folk Remedies. Fold back your cat's ear and use a cotton ball soaked in the solution to gently lift the wax and other debris away. You can also use the dropper to insert a few drops of the vinegar solution into the ear canal, gently massage the base of the ear so the solution goes in, and then wipe away any wax that may come out with a cotton ball. Do this once per day until the infection clears up (the vinegar kills the yeast).

    4

    Add three to seven drops of almond or olive oil to your cat's ears daily, in addition to cleaning them with vinegar, if your cat suffers from ear mites, according to Pictures of Cats. The ear mites can cause a yeast infection in the ear and you must kill the mites to prevent the yeast infection from worsening. The oil will kill the mites. Follow this procedure for three to four weeks to completely eliminate the mites.

    5

    Administer any antibiotic ear drops your veterinarian gives you after cleaning out your cat's ears. Follow the dosing instructions of the medication, fold your cat's ear back and drop the medication into the ear canal, massaging the drops into the ear.

    6

    Give your cat an oral medication, such as ketoconazole or itraconazole, if prescribed by your veterinarian to kill the yeast. Mash the medication and add to your cat's canned cat food. If your cat will not eat the medication, hold it with one arm and open its mouth, while using your other hand to administer the pill. Close your cats mouth and massage its chin to encourage it to swallow the medication.

    7

    Rub an antifungal cream on your cat's coat if it will not allow bathing or bathing becomes difficult. You may need to use an e-collar to prevent your cat from licking the medication off of its skin after application if the infection covers a large portion of your cat's body.

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How to Get Help With a Kitty's Dandruff

How to Get Help With a Kitty's Dandruff

All felines shed dandruff, which is made up of dead skin cells. However, dandruff is more visible on dark-haired cats. Excessive dandruff shedding is indicative of dry skin, poor nutrition or an underlying medical condition, such as hypothyroidism, liver disease or a skin infection. To eliminate the problem, you have to deal with the condition causing the excessive shedding. Both internal and external treatments may be required.

Instructions

    1

    Brush your kitten frequently, to remove the skin flakes. This will not solve the problem, but reduces the amount of dandruff that is shed in your home. Dandruff contains a glycoprotein that triggers negative reactions in people with asthma and allergies.

    2

    Reduce the frequency of baths, because baths may dry the skin. Cats typically groom themselves and they need no or rare bathing. If you do bathe your kitten, avoid using harsh soaps made for humans. Buy kitten shampoo, which is gentle on the pet's skin. Use a conditioning rinse to hydrate the skin.

    3

    Check if the kitten's food contains all necessary nutrients. Protein deficiency or a lack of sufficient minerals and vitamins in your kitten's diet can cause dry skin and excessive dandruff. Consult your veterinarian to recommend you a suitable diet and supplements.

    4

    Provide sufficient amounts of water for your kitten. A pet that doesn't drink enough water may have dry skin. Change the water daily, so that it's always fresh.

    5

    Add fish oil to your kitten's food. Fish oil is a source of omega 3 fatty acids, which improve the skin's condition and may reduce flakiness.

    6

    Place a humidifier in the kitten's room if the air is dry. Keep your kitten indoors if the outside temperatures are low. Cold weather dries the skin.

    7

    Check the kitten's skin for parasites, foul odor, scaly skin, rashes or skin lesions. The cat may have an underlying condition that needs veterinarian attention. If your pet has mites or other parasites, clean the environment as well, to prevent a re-infestation.

    8

    Check for any potential stress factors from the kitten's environment. A recent move, a new owner or a new family member may cause stress in your pet. Stress can cause excessive dandruff. Allow your pet to adapt to the new situation.

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Stool Softener for Cats

Stool Softener for Cats

According to Mar Vista Animal Medical Center, occasional constipation in cats does not warrant concern. It can be caused by a number of reasons, but is often relieved by a change in diet or the use of stool softeners.

Causes

    Constipation may be caused by ingesting hair when the cat grooms itself, according to Mar Vista. It can be the side effect from a medication. Serious causes that require veterinary intervention include kidney failure and internal obstruction.

Dietary Changes

    Mar Vista suggests adding fiber to the cat's diet. Canned pumpkin, bran cereal or a product such as Metamucil can be added. Consult your veterinarian for the appropriate amounts.

Stool Softeners

    Stool softeners such as lactulose or DSS (docusate sodium) may be prescribed to relieve a cat's constipation, according to Little Big Cat. Laxatone or Petromalt (petroleum jelly) may also be administered.

Mineral Oil

    Mar Vista does not recommend the use of mineral oil as it may be accidentally inhaled by the cat. In addition, mineral oil is never expelled from the body and results in an ongoing reaction from the cat's immune system.

Considerations

    If your cat is straining to pass stool, it can be a sign of a serious condition that requires veterinary care.

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About Feline Diabetes and Glucosamine

About Feline Diabetes and Glucosamine

Glucosamine is a natural compound that makes up healthy cartilage tissue. According to Doctors Foster and Smith, it has been used to treat osteoarthritis for more than 20 years in Europe. This compound has only recently started to get attention in the United States, and is being used by both medical doctors and veterinarians. Glucosamine supplements may help pets suffering from joint pain and degeneration, but should be used with caution in cats with diabetes.

Significance

    Glucosamine is an amino sugar, usually produced by fermenting grain or hydrolyzing the skeletons of crustaceans. It can also be found in some fungi. Early tests suggested that glucosamine supplementation could interfere with diabetes treatment by changing blood sugar levels. However, according to the Mayo Clinic, current research shows that glucosamine has little to no effect on blood sugar levels in animals or humans.

Effectiveness

    Glucosamine does not work for all pets. Results, if any, are visible only after at least eight weeks of treatment. According to Vet Info, some pets never show a change in arthritis pain or mobility. Supplementation must occur for the entire life of the cat, as symptoms recur after the treatment is discontinued. Owners of diabetic cats must be willing to monitor their pet's blood sugar and response to the supplement for the entire course of the treatment.

Side Effects

    Possible side effects of glucosamine supplementation include vomiting and diarrhea. Higher dosages of the supplement are more likely to produce these effects. Failure to digest food correctly can result in blood sugar fluctuation in diabetic animals, making digestive upset a more serious problem in cats with an existing diabetic condition. Owners may need to feed their cats a different food or change the amount of insulin they administer if these side effect occur.

Expert Insight

    According to the Mayo Clinic, human studies suggest that glucosamine has little to no effect on blood sugar levels when taken by mouth. However, injected glucosamine does increase insulin resistance and thus the amount of glucose in the blood. Glucosamine should be offered only orally, and cats receiving the supplement must be monitored carefully.

Considerations

    While most evidence suggests that glucosamine is safe for diabetic cats, it should still be used only with caution. Owners should monitor blood glucose levels more frequently when using this supplement, and be aware of any behavioral or dietary changes in their pets. Glucosamine may also interact with other medications, such as blood thinners.

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How Do Cats Sweat?

How Do Cats Sweat?

If you ever wonder why your cat seems to clean itself more during the hot summer months, it's because cats don't use sweat to cool themselves in the same way that humans do. Sweating cools down the body's temperature as it evaporates off the skin. Unlike humans, cats don't have sweat glands all over their bodies, only on their tongues and paws. Cats, therefore, have developed several methods apart from sweating to regulate their body temperature and keep cool.

Sweating Through Paws

    The only place on a cat's body that emits sweat is at the cat's paws. This is most noticeable when a cat is scared, at the vet's for example, and it leaves little wet prints on the vet's examining table. The surface area on a cat's paws isn't great enough to effectively cool it down, however, so cats use other methods to keep themselves cool.

Panting

    Like dogs, cats will pant in the heat. It is common for cats to pant in over 90 degree Fahrenheit weather. Panting is a function of the respiratory system and it helps regulate a cat's body temperature. When the weather is hot enough for a cat to pant, make sure it has lots of cool water available, as panting uses energy and water also helps regulate the cat's temperature.

Bathing

    Bathing is a method of coping with heat that is effective for a cat as it essentially performs the same function that sweating does in humans. The cat coats itself with a layer of saliva, which cools its body as it evaporates and lowers its temperature.

Lying in the Shade

    The simplest way for a cat to keep cool is for it to find a shady spot under a tree or in a basement where it can sprawl out on the cool ground. The cat will stretch itself out so as much of its body as possible touches the cold ground. In hot conditions, cats will probably spend most of their time in shady spots resting, as it will keep them from overheating.

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Cat from Madrid {Spain}

Cat from Madrid Spain
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Organic Flea Control for Cats

Most cats are bound to get fleas at some point. Flea infestations can happen even to indoor cats, as fleas or flea eggs can be transported on owners' clothing and brought into the home. If your cat has fleas and you are hesitant to use chemicals to control these pests, you may opt for organic flea control. Keep in mind, however, that just because a product is labeled for cats and is organic does not mean it is safe.

Types

    Organic flea control products include natural plant oils, sprays, shampoos, flea traps and food-grade diatomaceous earth, which is a desiccating powder.
    Natural oils marketed for flea control include tea-tree oil, cedar oil, citrus oil and eucalyptus oil. Please note that some oils---tea-tree oil, citrus oil and cedar oil, for example---though natural, may be harmful to cats.

Features

    Diatomaceous earth is a powder composed of crushed diatoms (a type of fossil). The tiny particles are supposed to be sharp enough to penetrate the protective shell of the flea and then dehydrate the flea.
    Natural oils, such as cedar oils and tea tree oil, are natural insect repellents. These are sold as sprays and appear as ingredients in organic pet shampoos.
    Flea traps are simple to create at home: place a shallow bowl of soapy water beneath a light source (make sure the bowl is tip-proof and out of your pet's reach) and leave overnight. Fleas are attracted to the light, will crawl to the bowl, fall in and drown. Similar nontoxic flea traps are also commercially available.

Prevention/Solution

    Prevent flea infestations by keeping cats indoors and using a flea comb on cats regularly. The flea comb can help you spot a flea problem quickly before it gets out of hand. In addition, if you do spot fleas on your cat, you can use a mild cat-friendly shampoo to bathe the cat and remove fleas.
    Wash pet bedding (and your own) in hot soapy water frequently during flea season. This step, along with vacuuming floors (including uncarpeted flooring) and upholstery, will help decrease flea larvae and eggs in the home.

Warning

    Just because a product is labeled "organic" does not mean it is safe for pets. Cats are especially sensitive to many plants and plant oils because a cat's liver lacks the enzymes necessary to break down these substances into safe forms. To be on the safe side, use only products that are FDA-approved for use on cats, or use very mild, veterinary-approved shampoos and a flea comb, and vacuum floors frequently to control flea population.
    If inhaled, diatomaceous earth can cause respiratory problems in cats and other animals (including humans).
    It used to be advised to add garlic to cats' food to help prevent fleas. It's now known that garlic (and onions), fed frequently, causes a dangerous form of anemia in cats, called hemolytic anemia.

Considerations

    Fleas and their eggs can live for months in carpeting and upholstery. One of the safest ways to cut down flea population in your home, and therefore on your cat, is to eliminate flea eggs and larvae through vacuuming everything thoroughly and regularly.
    Consider getting rid of carpeting in your home. Carpets provide a very nice home for adult fleas, larvae and eggs.

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