Feline Idiopathic Vestibular Disease

According to the Veterinary Neurological Center, the vestibular system in animals helps them maintain their sense of balance and orientation. A condition known as feline idiopathic vestibular disease, an abnormality of the vestibular system, affects a cat's ability to maintain balance.

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system in cats is made up of sensors deep in the inner ear that communicate with the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve. This system allows a cat to maintain balance by sensing where its head and body are in relation to the ground and other objects in its surroundings.

Feline Idiopathic Vestibular Disease

Feline idiopathic vestibular disease can refer to a number of conditions that affect the vestibular system. A cat's control and balance depend on tiny changes in the position of its body and eyes based on the sense of orientation in its head. If these senses are compromised, a cat can be in danger of injury or accident.

Symptoms of Vestibular Disease

A cat suffering from FIVD will suddenly fall over, lose its balance, tilt its head to one side and be unable to walk upright. It might stumble sideways or walk in a circle. This causes motion sickness and nausea. It is also common for an afflicted cat's eyes to move rapidly from side to side, which makes it impossible for the cat to focus. This can lead to weakness, seizures, loss of vision and loss of appetite.

Causes of Vestibular Disease

Any disease that affects the inner ear, vestibulocochlear nerve or the control center of the brain will cause FIVD. Tumors, inflammation, thyroid problems and strokes are thought to be the leading causes.

Treatment for Vestibular Disease

A neurological exam is necessary to determine the causes and treat underlying conditions so the cat's balance can be restored. At times the damage is severe enough that the cat will not make a full recovery; however, there are cases in which an animal recovers on its own over time without specific treatment.

When to See a Doctor

If your cat suddenly loses its balance, has difficulty standing or walking, stops eating and drinking or has any of the symptoms listed above, call your veterinarian. Underlying problems left untreated can seriously endanger your cat's health and prolong its discomfort and suffering.